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	<channel>
		<title>Gülel Hukuk</title>
		<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/</link>
		<description></description>
		<dc:language>TR-tr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>info@gulelhukuk.com</dc:creator>
		<dc:rights>Copyright 2026</dc:rights>
		<admin:generatorAgent rdf:resource="http://www.codeigniter.com/" />
				<item>
			<title>SELINAY KAYHAN</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/dilara-erguner </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/dilara-erguner </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
			<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 16:33:19 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>SERENGUL INAL</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/serengul-inal </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/serengul-inal </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 14:42:52 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>EMIRHAN UNLU</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/emirhan-unlu </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/emirhan-unlu </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 14:20:09 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>EDA YILDIZ</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/eda-yildiz </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/eda-yildiz </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 17:11:20 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>ONUR KURSAT GUVEN</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/onur-kursat-guven </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/onur-kursat-guven </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 16:59:16 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Constitutional Court Decision (2024/174) – Tourism Licenses and Authorities</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/constitutional-court-decision-2024-174-tourism-licenses-and-authorities </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/constitutional-court-decision-2024-174-tourism-licenses-and-authorities </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[1. Subject of the Decision

The Constitutional Court annulled the provisions in Law No. 2634 on the obligation of tourism operation certificate, ruling it unconstitutional (April 2025).

2. Amendments Introduced by the Decision


	- Obligation of Tou]]></description>
			<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 14:10:23 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Vanuatu Citizenship</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/vanuatu-citizenship </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/vanuatu-citizenship </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Growing global mobility and financial flexibility needs have led individuals to alternative citizenship programs.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 12 May 2025 13:42:20 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>ABIDE GULEL SARAL</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/abide-gulel-saral </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/abide-gulel-saral </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Dundee University Centre of Energy Petroleum Law and Policy, United Kingdom, LL.M. (2009).

Istanbul University, Faculty of Law (2006)

Her spoken languages are Turkish and English.

She previously worked as the head of one of the top law firms’ Comm]]></description>
			<pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 2025 18:19:09 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Turkey National Geographic Information System </title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/turkey-national-geographic-information-system </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/turkey-national-geographic-information-system </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[
Subject: Turkey National Geographic Information System 


Introduction

The Geographic Data Permits Regulation (“Regulation”) was published by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change (“Ministry”) in the Official Gazette dated February 10th, 2021 and numbered 31391. In the Regulation, the terms regarding the collection, production, sharing, and selling of geographic data in the scope of the National Geographic Data Responsibility Matrix ("Matrix") by natural persons, legal persons, and public legal entities are regulated.


1.	What Is the Turkey National Geographic Information System and Geographic Data Permit?

Geographic data, which is the most important and fundamental component of the Turkey National Geographic Information System (“TUCBS”), refers to all kinds of data containing location information. The geographic data consists of geometry information, location information expressed in coordinates, and non-orientational attribute information. Within the scope of TUCBS, 52 sub-theme groups related to 32 geographic data themes are determined. Accordingly, the geographic data theme refers to the geographic data group prepared in accordance with national or international standards for a particular subject. On the other hand, the geographic data sub-theme refers to the subgroup of the geographic data theme classified by level, scale, or topic. The National Geographic Data Determination Matrix was created to classify the mentioned geographic data.

Geographic data containing more than one location information is subject to permit in the Regulation. The Matrix defines the access, sharing, and usage authorizations of the persons subject to the permit.

Within the scope of the Regulation, it is regulated that the persons who will use the geographic data should obtain a Geographic Data Permit Certificate (“Permit Certificate”). The geographic data permit document contains information about which sections of the region where the permit holder can work on a map sheet and which activities (collecting, producing, sharing, and selling) can be carried out. In addition, information on geographic data within the scope of the permit, personnel, tools, equipment, and software to be employed within the scope of the work to be performed are also included in the Geographic Data Permit. 




2.	Who Should Apply for a Permit Certificate and How Is the Application Made?

The Permit Certificate is required to the collect, produce, share, or sell geographic data specified in the Matrix by natural persons and legal persons. The collection, production, sharing, or selling of geographic data within the scope of the Matrix by public legal entities is subject to the permit of the Ministry, but public legal entities are exempted from the permit fee. It should also be stated that natural persons and legal persons are also obliged to pay a data permit fee if they trade the data they will use within the scope of their activities for public institutions and public legal entities. However, the persons who have obtained a license within the scope of the Geographic Data License Regulation published in the Official Gazette dated 10/2/2021 and numbered 31391, do not have to obtain the Permit Certificate.

Applications are made by registering in the system established within the Ministry. After the registration in the system is completed, the activities related to the temes/sub-themes issued in the Matrix included in the data that the applicant wants to use is specified. It should be noted that the permit application must be made before the activity date. The permit holder shares with the National Geographic Data Platform (“UCBP”) the geographic data regarding the activity he/she/it has performed 15 days prior to the expiry of the permit period and submits the relevant information and documents to the Ministry. If data sharing with UCBP is not possible, the justification report must be submitted to the Ministry.


3.	The Term, Extension of the Term, Renewal, and Cancellation of the Permit 

The term of the permit issued by the Ministry is one year. Natural persons and private law legal persons may request an extension of the permit term by specifying the relevant justification at least fifteen days prior to the expiry date of the Permit Certificate, provided that there is no change in any condition in the geographic data permit document. In this case, the Ministry may consider the request within fifteen days and extend the period for once, provided that the extension does not exceed half of the permit term. Those who apply for an extension for the second time or who cannot complete their activity within the time limit have to apply for a permit again.

The permit holder is obliged to act in accordance with the relevant legislation and the undertaking approved on the system during the application. Otherwise, the Permit Certificate is canceled. The detection of a situation that will threaten the interests of the country is also one of the reasons for the cancellation of the Permit Certificate. Additionally, in cases where the activity is completed 15 days prior to the expiry of the permit term, data is not submitted to the UCBP, or the Ministry is not informed, the Permit Certificate is also canceled. If a change is detected in the information and documents submitted at the application stage as a result of the checks to be made by the Ministry and this is not resolved within 15 days, the Permit Certificate is canceled. Furthermore, in the Regulation, it is regulated that the situation of those convicted of certain crimes specified in the Law No. 5237 is also a reason for the cancellation of the Permit Certificate.


Natural persons and legal persons, whose geographic data permit has been canceled, cannot make an application for a permit for 1 year, and in case it requires a second cancellation, they cannot apply for a permit for 2 years. 


4.	Expenses of the Permit Application 

With the current 2022 prices, the Geographic Data Permit fee including VAT is TRY 74.31 per map sheet of 1/1000 for foreign natural persons and legal persons, while it is TRY 37.16 for natural persons who are citizens of the Republic of Turkey and legal persons established under the laws of the Republic of Turkey. These amounts are applied by increasing the revaluation rate determined and announced by the provisions of the repeating article 298 of the Tax Procedure Law No. 213 concerning the previous year, effective from the beginning of the calendar year. In case of failure to obtain a permit or to renew the Geographic Data Permit or continuing to work without a permit after its cancellation, an administrative fine that amounts to of 10 times the permit amount is applied by the Ministry.


Conclusion

Collecting, producing, sharing, or selling geographic data within the scope of the Matrix are subject to the permit of the Ministry, provided that the permit holder has the required documents to carry out its commercial activities and that the provisions of the private laws are reserved. An administrative fine to be applied by the Ministry is stipulated for those who use geographic data without registering in the TUCBS.
]]></description>
			<pubDate>Thu, 16 Jun 2022 12:49:10 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Regular Training of Employees within the scope of KVKK No. 6698</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/regular-training-of-employees-within-the-scope-of-kvkk-no.-6698 </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/regular-training-of-employees-within-the-scope-of-kvkk-no.-6698 </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[
April 28th, 2022


     Subject: About the Importance of Training of Employees and Conducting Awareness Studies at Regular Periods in Terms of Data Processing and Storage Processes within the Scope of the "The Law on the Protection of Personal Data" numbered 6698.

     Introduction

     In accordance with the Law on the Protection of Personal Data numbered 6698 (“Law”), which came into force after being published in the Official Gazette on April 7th, 2016, personal data is defined as all sorts of data belonging to an identified and identifiable natural person. In addition to attacks aimed at violating personal data security, circumstances such as unlawful disclosure or sharing of personal data are among the main personal data security violations. For all sorts of data that can be considered to fall into this context, the Law has imposed certain obligations with respect to the data processing and storage processes on legal entities. The Law also regulates the sanctions to be applied in case of failure to fulfill these obligations.

     1. Obligations and Penalties Introduced by the Law

     Accordingly, for real and private law legal entities, administrative fines and with respect to public institutions and organizations as well as public professional organisations, for civil servants working for relevant public institutions and organizations and other public officials as well as those working for professional organizations with public institution status, a disciplinary proceeding have been envisaged. According to Article 12 of the Law, “in order to ensure the protection of personal data, to prevent the unlawful processing of personal data, to prevent unlawful access to personal data,” the Data Controller “is obliged to take all necessary technical and administrative measures to ensure the appropriate level of security.” An administrative fine between TRY 40.179.- and TRY 2,678,863.- (for 2022) is envisaged for data controllers who do not fulfill this obligation specified in Article 18 of the Law. In the decisions it made upon complaint applications, the Commission ruled on Administrative Fines for data violations caused by new employees who did not receive training and for data violations caused by employees who do not have up-to-date and sufficient knowledge on the Protection of Personal Data Security.

     2. Training to be Provided on the "Protection of Personal Data Security" and the Issue That the Trainings Should Be Continued at Regular Intervals

     In the guides published by the Personal Data Protection Authority (“Authority”) and in the decisions made by the Personal Data Protection Board (“Board”), the limits of the liability stipulated in the Law are drawn, and data controllers are informed about the scope of the measures they should take. However, employees are not notified or adequate training is not provided with respect to the "Protection of Personal Data Security." As can be frequently seen in the Board Decisions, data violations are usually caused by employees' lack of adequate training and awareness in this regard. The Board stated in its Resolution dated 31.01.2018 and numbered 2018/10 related to the “Adequate Precautions That Must Be Taken by Data Controllers in the Processing of Sensitive Personal Data,” that with the Law and related regulations, employees must be provided with regular trainings on sensitive data security issues. Accordingly, among the "Administrative Measures" that must be taken by the Data Controller, ensuring that employees receive regular training on the Protection of Personal Data Security and keeping the level of awareness at a high level through awareness activities occupy an important place. The Personal Data Protection Agency has included a separate section under the title of "Training of Employees and Awareness Works" in the Personal Data Security Guide regarding the technical and administrative Measures to be taken by the data controller, which was published in January 2018. In this section, the Agency explains the importance of regular training of employees as follows: “In order to ensure personal data security, it is of great importance that employees take the first action, even if they have limited information about attacks that will damage personal data security and cyber security.” Therefore, in case of significant changes in the policies and procedures regarding the protection of personal data security, it should be ensured that employees are informed of such changes through new trainings to be provided and that their knowledge on threats to personal data security are kept up-to-date. These statements make it clear that the Agency includes the trainings of employees and the regular repetition of these trainings in the administrative measures to be taken within the scope of Article 12 of the Law and attributes significant importance to it.

     Conclusion

     For the abovementioned reasons, it is very important for employees to receive training on issues such as not disclosing and not sharing personal data unlawfully, awareness works carried out for employees and creating an environment where security risks in terms of ensuring personal data security can be identified. The Data Controller must specify the roles and responsibilities of all employees with respect to personal data security in their job descriptions, regardless of their positions, and employees must be aware of their roles and responsibilities in this regard. In this context, all Data Controllers are required to provide each new employee with the training on the Protection of Personal Data Security. In addition to that, Supplementary Training needs to be provided in order to keep the employees up-to-date about the developments and changing procedures and to raise awareness to the highest level. It is recommended to repeat these trainings twice a year.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Thu, 28 Apr 2022 12:18:17 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Increasing the Real Estate’s Price to USD 400,000 for Acquiring Turkish Citizenship through the Purchase of Real Estate</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/increasing-the-real-estates-price-to-usd-400000-for-acquiring-turkish-citizenship-through-the-purchase-of-real-estate </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/increasing-the-real-estates-price-to-usd-400000-for-acquiring-turkish-citizenship-through-the-purchase-of-real-estate </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[
Foreigners who meet one of the investment conditions specified in Article 20 of the Regulation on the Implementation of the Turkish Citizenship Law ("Regulation") can acquire Turkish Citizenship exceptionally within the scope of subparagraph b of the first sub-clause of Article 12 of the Turkish Citizenship Law no. 5901.
One of the investment types listed in the relevant article of the Regulation is the purchase of real estate worth at least USD 250,000 or the commitment of the sale of a real estate -with a condominium or construction servitude established- by promising the sale of real estate with a cash deposit of at least USD 250,000 and a contract issued before a notary public.

At the Cabinet Meeting held on 13.04.2022, it was decided to increase from USD 250,000 to USD 400,000 the real estate price sought in applications for the acquisition of Turkish citizenship in an exceptional fashion by purchasing a real estate or by acting preliminary contract for the real estate sale.

It is crucial to state that the decision has not been published in the Official Gazette yet and has not entered into force. Hence, the terms and conditions of the regulation are not yet certain, and it does not affect foreigners who have already applied to acquire Turkish citizenship through the purchase of the real estate.




]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 27 Apr 2022 12:25:08 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Restriction Codes Determined by the Reason for Deportation under the Foreigners and International Protection Law Numbered 6458</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/restriction-codes-determined-by-the-reason-for-deportation-under-the-foreigners-and-international-protection-law-numbered-6458 </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/restriction-codes-determined-by-the-reason-for-deportation-under-the-foreigners-and-international-protection-law-numbered-6458 </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Foreigners and International Protection Law numbered 6458 (“Law”) was published and came into force in the Official Gazette dated on April 11th, 2013. Foreign citizens who come to our country for various purposes and do not exercise due diligence to comply with the laws within the borders of the country; within the scope of Articles 52 and 60 of the Law, are deported for the purpose of preventing crime, ensuring security and enforcing the law. When deporting foreigners, a restriction code is entered in their registers depending on the reasons for their deportation. These codes indicate an entry ban and show why and for how long the foreigner was deported from the country. It is extremely important to know the restriction codes in terms of the procedures to be taken regarding deportation interrogation and cancelment.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 11 Apr 2022 11:03:24 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Acquisitions of Turkish Citizenship by Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Citizens</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/acquisitions-of-turkish-citizenship-by-turkish-republic-of-northern-cyprus-citizens </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/acquisitions-of-turkish-citizenship-by-turkish-republic-of-northern-cyprus-citizens </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Article 42 of the Turkish Citizenship Law Numbered 5901 (“Law”), which entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette dated June 12th, 2009 regulates that citizens of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (“TRNC”) who have applied to acquire Turkish citizenship can acquire Turkish citizenship if they declare in writing that they would like to become Turkish citizens.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 05 Apr 2022 14:41:10 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Acquisition of Turkish Citizenship by Investment</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/acquisition-of-turkish-citizenship-by-investment </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/acquisition-of-turkish-citizenship-by-investment </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Turkish Citizenship Law Numbered 5901 (“Law”) was published and came into force in the Official Gazette dated June 12th, 2009. According to 9th and the following articles of the Law, Turkish citizenship can be subsequently acquired with the decision of a competent authority, by adoption, or by the exercise of the right to choose. The acquisition of Turkish citizenship by investment is one of the cases of acquisition by the decision of the competent authority and is one of the exceptional cases of acquiring Turkish citizenship according to Article 12 of the Law. Provided that there is no obstacle as regards to national security and public order, foreigners, set out in Law, may acquire Turkish citizenship upon the President's Decision.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2022 11:15:47 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Amendment about Exchange Offices to the Decree on the Protection of the Value of Turkish Currency Numbered 32 </title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/amendment-about-exchange-offices-to-the-decree-on-the-protection-of-the-value-of-turkish-currency-numbered-32 </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/amendment-about-exchange-offices-to-the-decree-on-the-protection-of-the-value-of-turkish-currency-numbered-32 </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Authorized institutions, in other words, Exchange Offices; they are joint stock companies that carry out several foreign exchange transactions, including the determination of the value of Turkish currency against foreign currencies, within the framework of the procedures and principles determined by the Ministry of Treasury and Finance (“Ministry”)."Communique No. 2021-32/62 on Amendments to The Communique No. 32 on the Amendment to the Decree on the Protection of the Value of Turkish Currency (Communique No: 2018-32/45)” (“Amendment Communique”) which brought changes in the working order of the authorized institutions by the Ministry was published and entered into force in the Official Gazette on 12.10.2021.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 2021 10:47:00 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>COVID&#45;19 Vaccine and Compulsory PCR Test in Terms of Labor Law</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/covid-19-vaccine-and-compulsory-pcr-test-in-terms-of-labor-law </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/covid-19-vaccine-and-compulsory-pcr-test-in-terms-of-labor-law </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Within the scope of the announcement titled “COVID-19 Precautions at Workplaces” published by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security on 02.09.2021, employees who are not vaccinated against COVID-19 may be required by the workplace/employer to take a PCR test once a week, as of 6 September 2021, and the test results will be recorded in the workplace in order to take necessary actions. In addition, with this information letter, the Ministry reminded the employers that they are obliged to inform all their employees about the protective and preventive measures against the health and safety risks that may be encountered in the workplace, and the employers were requested to inform their employees in writing, whose COVID-19 vaccine has not been completed.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 27 Sep 2021 09:44:28 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate Criteria</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/international-health-tourism-authorization-certificate-criteria </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/international-health-tourism-authorization-certificate-criteria </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Within the scope of the “Regulation on International Health Tourism and Tourist Health” (“Regulation”) published in the Official Gazette on 3.7.2017, it has been made obligatory to obtain an International Health Tourism Authorization Certificate for all kinds of health services to be provided to real persons who are not citizens of the Republic of Turkey or the persons who are citizens of the Republic of Turkey but residing abroad that come to our country temporarily from abroad for the purpose of benefiting from health services in Turkey. International Health Services Incorporated Company (“USHAŞ”), which was established with Decree No. 663, promotes the services offered in Turkey in the field of international health services, supports and coordinates the activities of the public and private sectors for health tourism, and provides services with policies and strategies regarding international health services. It started its activities on 04/02/2019 as the relevant institution of the Ministry of Health to make recommendations to the Ministry on presentation standards and accreditation criteria. The authorization procedures of the institutions that will operate in international health tourism intermediary services are carried out by USHAŞ.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 25 Aug 2021 10:10:56 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Licensed Warehousing System in Turkey and Warehouse Receipts</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/licensed-warehousing-system-in-turkey-and-warehouse-receipts </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/licensed-warehousing-system-in-turkey-and-warehouse-receipts </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Producers can deliver the harvested products to "Agricultural Products Licensed Warehousing Enterprises" operating under the supervision of the Ministry of Commerce, instead of selling them at harvest time due to the low price caused by excess supply or for other reasons. Agricultural products delivered to licensed warehouses allow the products to be priced freely in the market and also establish price stability.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 18 Aug 2021 10:38:08 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>New Termination Codes Regulation</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/new-termination-codes-regulation </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/new-termination-codes-regulation </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[The Circular No. 2013/11 of 22/02/2013 was amended by the Circular No. 2021/9 of the Social Security Institution. In accordance with the relevant Circular of the Social Security Institution, in the circular dated February 22, the code "29 - termination by the employer due to the employee's behavior against ethical and goodwill" was removed from the table of reasons for termination. Instead, the following codes from 41 have been added from the Social Security Institution.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 13 Apr 2021 10:21:04 +0300</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Rural Neighborhood Regulation</title>
			<link>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/rural-neighborhood-regulation </link>
			<guid>http://en.gulelhukuk.com/rural-neighborhood-regulation </guid>
			<description><![CDATA[With the law numbered 6360 dated 12 November 2012, the status of the villages within the metropolitan borders was transformed into neighborhoods. This regulation, affecting more than 16.000 villages and 1053 towns in Turkey, entered into force after the 30 March 2014 local elections and the common ownership and pastures of the village legal entity were transferred to the municipality to which they are affiliated. With “Law No. 7254 on Public Financial Management and Control and the Law on Amendments to Certain Laws”, published in the Official Gazette on October 16, 2020, villages and towns have been granted the right to "rural neighborhoods” , provided that they meet certain conditions and make an application.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 07 Apr 2021 11:24:54 +0300</pubDate>
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